The championship leader and defending three-time champion clocked a best lap time of one minute and 21.135 seconds to outpace the German by nearly half a second.
The āsilver arrowsā dominated the session to finish comfortably ahead of the Ferraris of four-time former champion Sebastian Vettel and 2007 champion Kimi Raikkonen.
It was Hamiltonās third successive pole at the Italian event and his fifth in all at Monza, a feat that equalled those of Argentine Fangio and Brazilian Senna.
It was also the 56th pole of Hamiltonās career.
Senna was the last man to achieve a hat-trick of Italy poles.
āTo be up there with Senna and Fangio I never thought Iād be mentioned in the same breath as them in a million years,ā said Hamilton.
Hamilton and Rosbergās front row lockout was Mercedesā 41st and enabled them to equal the record of dominance set by Red Bull pairing Vettel and Mark Webber in their heyday.
Hamilton will be bidding on Sunday to register a hat-trick of Italian wins with his 50th career victory to enlarge his nine points lead in the title race ahead of Rosberg.
His pole made a pleasant change from last weekendās grid when Hamilton started last in Belgium after penalties, charging through the pack at Spa-Francorchamps to claim third.
Valtteri Bottas was fifth for Williams ahead of Australian Daniel Ricciardo and his Red Bull team-mate, Dutch teenager Max Verstappen.
Mexican Sergio Perez was eighth ahead of his Force India team-mate German Nico Hulkenberg with Mexican Esteban Gutierrez taking 10th for Haas.