Paris Saint-Germain superstar Kylian Mbappe commands the highest transfer value, according to the latest CIES Football Observatory study.

Taking into account age, contract, position, minutes, goals, international status and team results, Mbappe is estimated to be valued at €252 million which puts him atop the list for Europe’s top-five leagues.

Unsurprisingly, forwards dominate the 100-man study but there are a few shocks housed within it, most notably Barcelona icon Lionel Messi sitting at number four with a value of €167.4m.

Ahead of the Argentine sits Liverpool’s Mohamed Salah (€219.6m) and Manchester City winger Raheem Sterling (€207.8m).

By position, Liverpool’s Alisson Becker is the highest valued goalkeeper at €107.5m, just slightly ahead of Brazil team-mate and City rival Ederson (€103m).

There is more representation from the recently crowned European champions with right-back Trent Alexander-Arnold the most expensive defender with the algorithm spitting out a fee of €130.2m.

In fact, the Reds are well showcased with 11 players entering the list as joining Salah in the top 10 alone is Sadio Mane (€157.8m) and Roberto Firmino (€144.2m).

Paul Pogba might not have enjoyed his finest campaign with Manchester United, yet the mercurial playmaker still tops the midfielders category with an €125.1m valuation.

Curiously, given the size and stature of the club, Real Madrid do not have representation until 19th with the newly-recruited Eden Hazard marketed at €120.7m.

However, the Belgian might be pleased to know he is a place above a former Galactico with Juventus megastar Cristiano Ronaldo valued at €118.1m.

The Portuguese does top the table for players aged over 33 while at the opposite end of the scale, the most valuable teenager is coveted Borussia Dortmund forward Jadon Sancho (€159.4m).

Click here to check out the full study from the CIES Football Observatory